Non-EU nationals generally need an international driving licence for the Czech Republic.
With the introduction of the European driving licence on July 1st 1996, it has become easier for EU citizens to drive any kind of motor vehicle within the EU borders. A Czech driving licence is not needed anymore.
Holders of any other driving licence are obliged to obtain an international driving licence which is accepted by Czech officials. However, the international driving licence only serves as a translation of the actual driving licence which therefore has to be carried along at all times. This is also a measure to prevent people who have lost their licences, for whatever reason, from driving.